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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 5.37 million
Population growth rate: 0.29%
Population < 15 years: 18.7%
Birth rate: 11.74 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 76.91 years
Infant mortality: 4.97 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: ~100 mcg/L
A distribution of urinary iodine excretions in micrograms per 24 hours in 1997 was as follows: 54%, 40-80 mcg/d; 42%, 80-100 mcg/d; and 4%, 120-170 mcg/d.
Reports from 1999 and 2000 describe median urinary iodine varying from 38-110 mcg/L.
A 2000 report described thyroid enlargement in 13.1% of females and 6.2% of males, and 23% of the population had multi-nodular goiter.
Other studies from the early 1990's show increased TSH and Tg in neonates.
Extensive epidemiologic studies by Laurberg, et al. between Denmark (mild/moderate iodine deficiency) and Iceland (iodine sufficient), comparing hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disease.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 100%
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Iodized salt is available, produced regionally.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 100%
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KI at 8-13 mg iodine/kg
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Iodized salt was available on a voluntary basis beginning in 1998, and became compulsory in 2000
- Legislation for Animals: no data
- Year Enacted: 2000
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
There is no formal program. The Danish Center for Prevention of Thyroid Disease, consisting of the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Aalborg Hospital in Jutland , Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen , and Glostrup Hospital in Copenhagen , is active in monitoring and provides detailed information on public health and reports trends.
The Danish Center for Prevention of Thyroid Disease (see above) has been actively monitoring the effects of recent changes in iodized salt consumption, using urinary iodine, thyroid size by ultrasound, and other markers of thyroid status.
The Danish Center for Prevention of Thyroid Disease has been conducting careful analysis both of iodine nutrition and of thyroid disease as iodine intake increases. Latest data are awaited.
Other Interventions
Individual iodine supplementation in the form of vitamin/mineral tablets containing 150 mcg iodine are available, extent of usage not known.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(4):52, 2002
IDD NL 11(3):44, 1995 (Nygaard)
IDD NL 9(1):5, 1993
Laurberg et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83(3):765, 1998
Rasmussen et al., Int J Food Sci Nutr 47(5):377, 1996
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