|
Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 59.77 million
Population growth rate: 0.35%
Population < 15 years: 18.5%
Birth rate: 11.94 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 79.05 years
Infant mortality: 4.41 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 83 mcg/L
Most recent UI 83 mcg/L in adults. Higher UI's in northwest and west
ThyroMobil (1995) in Lorraine , Rhone-Alpes , Languedoc , and Midi-Pyrenees, reported mean UI 130 mcg/L, but 38% < 100 and 10% < 5 and goiter in 3.6% children age 6-14 years. Prevalence survey conducted in 13 districts between 1984-86 indicated that IDD persisted (primarily as grade 1A) with TGR prevalences of 16.7%, above 30%, although the overall prevalence of clinical goiter was only 3.9%. In the past, endemic goiter occurred primarily in the Alps , Pyrenees , Auvergene and Massif Central .
In pregnant women in southwest, mean 69 mcg/L in first trimester and 86 mcg/L in 9th month (1997). A 1984 survey showed the mean urinary iodine concentration varied from 55 to 174 mcg/g creatinine (mean = 85.2).
Historically, the mountainous areas had endemic goiter and some mild thyroid enlargement was reported in the 1980's. More recent data suggest borderline iodine nutrition. Further survey data are needed.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 55%
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Salt iodized at 10-15 ppm sodium iodide, used on a voluntary basis for homes and for animals. Estimated to have 55% of the market's share.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data.
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 55%
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
NaI at 15 ppm maximum; minimum not stated
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Iodized salt use is voluntary.
- Legislation for Animals: Voluntary
- Year Enacted: 1963
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
No official program. A national coordinating committee for IDD control consists of investigators from academic centers of endocrinology and nutrition. There is no ongoing regular monitoring or education program.
No formal program of monitoring. Measurement of urinary iodine and thyroid size by ultrasound and palpation are available.
Other Interventions
None
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Little national interest
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(4):54, 2002
IDD NL 9(1):6, 1993
IDD NL 8(1):12, 1992
Valeix et al 1999 Lancet 353:1766-1767.
Caron et al., Ann Endocrinol 57:228, 1996
Delange et al., Eur J Endocrinol 136:180, 1997
Caron et al., Thyroid 7(5):749, 1997
|
