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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 11.0 million
Population growth rate: 3.0%
Population < 15 years: 47.2%
Birth rate: 48.8 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 47.0 years
Infant mortality: 121.4 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 203 mcg/L. The ThyroMobil visited nine sites in 2000, examining 901 children with an overall goiter prevalence of 13% (range 4-24%, used old ultrasound standards). Median urinary iodine 203 mcg/L (range 0.1-746 mcg/L); medians among the nine states ranged from 38.1 mcg/L (Terella) to 237 mcg/L; three of the nine states had medians < 100 mcg/L and one was < 50 mcg/L.
Regional goiter survey conducted by the Government in Tominian, Kita. Small survey conducted in endemic area of Segou found TGR prevalence above 60%. Five of the county's 8 Regions, and Bamako District are endemic with TGR levels ranging from 35 to 90%. Studies in Djidian (1992-96) and Koro (1996) gave TGR 64% and 92%. UI was < 25 mcg/L (Neguela, 1982-89)
The ThyroMobil in 2000 found encouraging information as to content of iodine in urine and salt, but it is limited to nine sites. Previous information on iodized salt penetration was much less encouraging. Updated information is needed on the current status of salt iodization, urinary iodine content, and the program.
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: not known.
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Most salt imported (> 90%); some local rock salt. All iodized salt comes from Russia and Senegal . Estimated total imports equals 28,000 to 36,000 TY for human consumption.
The first salt iodization factory was inaugurated in Bamako , April 1995 producing iodized salt for human and animal consumption. UNI C EF also assisted with information and education campaigns to increase public awareness of IDD and iodized salt. One public project of production from rock salt. Salt production done in Taoudent which produces approximately 3000 MT/year. Salt sold at markets in crystallized form in polypropylene in 5 kg sacks (dry and pure).
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: 12.5
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 8% (UNI C EF, 1996), but much higher from ThyroMobil sampling
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3 at 60 ppm (range 43-119 ppm), average of nine sites, ThyroMobil, 2000
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: yes
- Legislation for Animals: no data
- Year Enacted: 1995
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
MOH, IDD C ommission. C urrent level of activity uncertain. Scattered data on urinary iodine and goiter palpation have been reported in the past. No current information on these or on monitoring for iodine content in salt.
Other Interventions
In early 1990's, 100,000 people, aged 1-45, were covered with oral iodized oil capsules (200 mcg per individual, in C ercel de Tominian).
Water iodization was also undertaken in the early 1990's as part of a pilot study on four villages.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 17(2):26, 2001
UNI C EF USI Update (1995)
I C C IDD Report on Water Iodization (1997) |
