|
Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 126.6 million
Population growth rate: 2.6%
Population < 15 years: 44 %
Birth rate: 40 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 51.0 years
Infant mortality: 73/1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 185 mcg/L (2001).
A 2001 study found UI 185 mcg/L, further details not available.
Iodine deficiency known in the country for years, especially in the country's midportion. A 1993 survey of 17,500 schoolchildren from all 30 states found a goiter prevalence of 20% by palpation. The multicenter study of 1995 studied two sites and found goiter 25.7% and urinary iodine 260 mcg/L in Edo , and goiter 39.5% and urinary iodine 369 mcg/L in Enugu .
A study in 1998 examined 2,372 schoolchildren in 11 Local Government Areas in 10 states, and reported a median urinary iodine excretion of 146.5 mcg/L, with lowest Oio at 92 mcg/L. Total goiter rate in 1998 ranged from 2.9 to 33.3% (Ekiti).
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: 94% (2002)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Nigeria has only three major salt companies (Dicon, Nascon, and the New Nigerian Salt PLC). Almost all of the country's 630,000 metric tons processed annually are imported. Of this amount, Dicon processes 400,000 metric tons, Nascon 50,000, and New Nigeria 80,000. In addition, the three companies produce non-iodized industrial grade salt, respectively, at 60,000, 10,000, and 40,000 metric tons per year, for a total of 110,000. Nigeria 's annual requirement is 450,000-550,000 metric tons.
Most salt is imported from Australia and Brazil ; other sources are Egypt and Spain .
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: 5-7 g
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 94%
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3, 50 ppm at entry or production site, 30 ppm at retail.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Yes.
- Legislation for Animals: Yes
- Year Enacted: 1992, revised 1993
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Federal Ministry of Health (The National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control) is responsible for sampling surveys and analyzing them before distribution. Other regulatory agencies are the Standard Organization of Nigeria and the Weights and Measures Department.
The program has used urinary iodine concentration and goiter by palpation for assessing iodine nutritional status.
Several university groups have been active in collaborating with the government on assessment. Salt is routinely monitored through product registration, routine surveillance, inspection activities, and by the three major companies. Test kits have been widely used both in production and in surveillance.
Other Interventions
None currently
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
Unpublished notes from Dr. J. Egbuta, ICCIDD Subregional Coordinator for Anglophone West Africa.
IDD NL 12(2):29 (1996)
IDD NL 12(4):63 (1996)
IDD NL 13(4):54 (1977)
IDD NL 14(3):42, 1998
IDD NL 15(2):27 (1999)
IDD NL 16(1):13 (2000)
|
