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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 7.3 million
Population growth rate: 1.2%
Population < 15 years: 42.4%
Birth rate: 34.0 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 39.0 years
Infant mortality: 118.9 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 297 mcg/L (1997). A 1990 survey of 6,398 schoolchildren showed total goiter rate of 50% in six of the nine prefectures, and urinary iodine concentrations < 50 mcg/L in 78%.
A 1997 survey of 1,224 households and three schools in each of the nine prefectures, to reflect geographic differences found median urinary iodine of 297 mcg/L, range from 221 mcg/L in Butare to 556 mcg/L in Myamba. The total goiter prevalence was 25.9%.
The country appears iodine sufficient, but updated information is needed, especially surveys with urinary iodines. Much of the salt comes from Kenya , which is iodized at a high rate, and the 1997 urinary iodines raise concern about iodine excess.
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: 76-95%
Updated information on household consumption of iodized salt is also needed, because the MICS 2000 figure of 75.6% is considerably lower than from other sources in previous years.
Salt Situation Analysis Production
All salt imported. 1991 regulation by the Ministry of Commerce states that all salt imported must be iodized. It is imported through Kigali from Tanzania via Southern Corridor and also from Kenya via Northern Corridor. The government mandated that all salt should be imported in iodized form.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 76% (UNICEF/MICS, 2000); 95% (National, 1997)
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3, 30-50 ppm.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Yes.
- Legislation for Animals: no data
- Year Enacted: 1991
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Health is responsible. Monitoring takes place at frontiers internal markets and households to ensure that all salt consumed has 30 ppm iodine. No information available about plans for further surveys of iodine nutrition.
Other Interventions
Iodized oil capsules were distributed to children ages 1-5 and pregnant women in 1992.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 15(1):5, 1999
IDD NL 13(2):22, 1997
IDD NL 12(2):21, 1996
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