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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 5.73 million
Population growth rate: 2.94%
Population < 15 years: 44.8%
Birth rate: 43.9 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 42.8 years
Infant mortality: 146.9 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 158 mcg/L (2003)
National urvey in 2003, in 8 districts and Western Area. In each 100 children age 6-14 yers from 5 schools or communities, and 20 of the 100 gave urine samples (total 915 samples).. Median UI was 158 mcg/L. Two districts were low: Port Loko (37 mcg/L) and Bombali (74 mcg/L); both are near the local salt production area. Highest was Bo ( 250 mcg/L).Goiter prevalences by palpation were almost all <5% (?accuracy).
1992 survey of schoolchildren 6-14 years reported 97% goiter (53% as severe, 32% moderate, 12% mild). Further details not known.
UI from unidentified study, ~1996: 53%, < 24 mcg/L; 32%, 25-50 mcg/L; 12%, 50-100 mcg/L.
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: 65% (54%>15ppm)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
2003 survey collected 819 household samples and 116 market samples. 60% of market salt was local, 32% of household; 66% was coarse. Local salt is coarse and not iodized. No iodine in Port Loko salt. Iodized salt use lower in salt producing areas; it is wet and heavy, so not transported far, Older data report 7000 tons of noniodized salt produced artisanally by many small-scale producers; poor quality, poor packaging. UNICEF Sierra Leone reported on receiving the equipment, iodate and salt test kits for iodization of locally produced salt. (UNICEF USI Update- Vol. 2 - 1995), but this not now operating.
Salt imported from Europe and Senegal . Recent war severely disrupted program. Results from 2003 survey are encouraging, and most imported salt appears iodized. Local salt is not, and has the major market share in some districts.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 54% adequately (total with at least some iodine, 65%), 2003 data.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3, 35 ppm.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Requires imported salt to be iodized
- Legislation for Animals: no data
- Year Enacted: 1994
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Multisectoral national committee existed previously; defunct during recent war. Ministry of Health now responsible and actively involved.
Careful survey in 2003, reported above. Further plans being studied.
Other Interventions
No data
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 16(1):13, 2000
IDD NL 11(4):53 (1995); 11(2):21 (1995).
Reports from Dr. John Egbuta, ICCIDD Subregional Coordinator for Anglophone West Africa .
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